Amber, fossilized tree resin, captivates with its warm glow and ancient history. But with its increasing popularity, the market is flooded with imitations. Knowing how to identify genuine amber is crucial, whether you're a collector, jeweler, or simply someone who appreciates natural beauty. This guide will equip you with the knowledge to distinguish real amber from its counterfeits.
What are the Common Tests for Amber Authenticity?
Several tests can help determine if a piece is genuine amber. However, it's important to remember that no single test is foolproof; it's best to use a combination of methods for the most accurate assessment.
1. The Saltwater Test:
This is a classic test, though not entirely foolproof. Real amber, being less dense than saltwater, will float.
- How to do it: Mix a saltwater solution (about a tablespoon of salt per glass of water). Gently place the amber piece in the solution. If it floats, it's likely amber. However, some plastics can also float, so this should be used in conjunction with other tests.
2. The Heat Test:
This test requires caution. Genuine amber will gently warm to the touch when rubbed, but it won't melt or burn.
- How to do it: Gently rub the amber piece against a rough surface, such as your teeth. Real amber will feel slightly warm but won't burn or leave any residue. Caution: Don't hold it over an open flame – this will damage or destroy it. This test is best performed on a small, inconspicuous area.
3. The UV Light Test:
Amber fluoresces under UV light. However, the intensity and color of fluorescence vary depending on the type of amber and its age.
- How to do it: Use a UV lamp (available online or at mineral/gem shops) and shine it on the amber piece. Genuine amber often exhibits a bluish-white, yellowish, or greenish fluorescence. However, some plastics can mimic this, so it is crucial to use this test alongside others.
4. The Incense Test (The Smell Test):
When heated carefully (never over an open flame!), real amber releases a distinctive piney scent. This test should be used with extreme caution, and only on a small, inconspicuous area if you are unsure.
What Materials are Often Mistaken for Amber?
Several materials are often sold as amber, often intentionally misrepresented. Knowing what these are can help you avoid purchasing a fake.
- Copal: A younger, less fossilized resin. It's often softer and sticks to your teeth more readily than amber.
- Plastic: Many plastics are manufactured to mimic the look and feel of amber. They often lack the warm, natural look and can be readily identified through the tests described above.
- Glass: Glass imitations often have a more uniform color and lack the internal inclusions (bubbles, insects) often seen in real amber.
How can I tell if amber has inclusions?
What are inclusions in amber?
Inclusions are small particles or organisms trapped within the amber during its formation millions of years ago. These can include insects, plant matter, and even air bubbles. The presence of well-preserved inclusions is a strong indicator of authenticity, as it's difficult to convincingly replicate them. However, not all amber contains inclusions.
Where can I get Amber tested for authenticity?
If you're unsure about a piece's authenticity, it's best to seek professional appraisal. Many gemological laboratories and independent appraisers specialize in amber identification and can provide reliable testing and certification.
By employing these methods and staying informed about common imitations, you can confidently identify and appreciate the beauty and history of genuine amber. Remember, careful examination and a combination of tests are key to accurate identification.
